GNAT Reference Manual

GNAT Reference Manual , Dec 21, 2023

AdaCore

Copyright © 2008-2024, Free Software Foundation

Table of Contents

1 About This Guide
- 1.1 What This Reference Manual Contains
- 1.2 Conventions
- 1.3 Related Information
2 Implementation Defined Pragmas
- 2.1 Pragma Abort_Defer
- 2.2 Pragma Abstract_State
- 2.3 Pragma Ada_83
- 2.4 Pragma Ada_95
- 2.5 Pragma Ada_05
- 2.6 Pragma Ada_2005
- 2.7 Pragma Ada_12
- 2.8 Pragma Ada_2012
- 2.9 Pragma Ada_2022
- 2.10 Pragma Aggregate_Individually_Assign
- 2.11 Pragma Allow_Integer_Address
- 2.12 Pragma Always_Terminates
- 2.13 Pragma Annotate
- 2.14 Pragma Assert
- 2.15 Pragma Assert_And_Cut
- 2.16 Pragma Assertion_Policy
- 2.17 Pragma Assume
- 2.18 Pragma Assume_No_Invalid_Values
- 2.19 Pragma Async_Readers
- 2.20 Pragma Async_Writers
- 2.21 Pragma Attribute_Definition
- 2.22 Pragma C_Pass_By_Copy
- 2.23 Pragma Check
- 2.24 Pragma Check_Float_Overflow
- 2.25 Pragma Check_Name
- 2.26 Pragma Check_Policy
- 2.27 Pragma Comment
- 2.28 Pragma Common_Object
- 2.29 Pragma Compile_Time_Error
- 2.30 Pragma Compile_Time_Warning
- 2.31 Pragma Complete_Representation
- 2.32 Pragma Complex_Representation
- 2.33 Pragma Component_Alignment
- 2.34 Pragma Constant_After_Elaboration
- 2.35 Pragma Contract_Cases
- 2.36 Pragma Convention_Identifier
- 2.37 Pragma CPP_Class
- 2.38 Pragma CPP_Constructor
- 2.39 Pragma CPP_Virtual
- 2.40 Pragma CPP_Vtable
- 2.41 Pragma CPU
- 2.42 Pragma Deadline_Floor
- 2.43 Pragma Debug
- 2.44 Pragma Debug_Policy
- 2.45 Pragma Default_Initial_Condition
- 2.46 Pragma Default_Scalar_Storage_Order
- 2.47 Pragma Default_Storage_Pool
- 2.48 Pragma Depends
- 2.49 Pragma Detect_Blocking
- 2.50 Pragma Disable_Atomic_Synchronization
- 2.51 Pragma Dispatching_Domain
- 2.52 Pragma Effective_Reads
- 2.53 Pragma Effective_Writes
- 2.54 Pragma Elaboration_Checks
- 2.55 Pragma Eliminate
- 2.56 Pragma Enable_Atomic_Synchronization
- 2.57 Pragma Export_Function
- 2.58 Pragma Export_Object
- 2.59 Pragma Export_Procedure
- 2.60 Pragma Export_Valued_Procedure
- 2.61 Pragma Extend_System
- 2.62 Pragma Extensions_Allowed
- 2.63 Pragma Extensions_Visible
- 2.64 Pragma External
- 2.65 Pragma External_Name_Casing
- 2.66 Pragma Fast_Math
- 2.67 Pragma Favor_Top_Level
- 2.68 Pragma Finalize_Storage_Only
- 2.69 Pragma Float_Representation
- 2.70 Pragma Ghost
- 2.71 Pragma Global
- 2.72 Pragma Ident
- 2.73 Pragma Ignore_Pragma
- 2.74 Pragma Implementation_Defined
- 2.75 Pragma Implemented
- 2.76 Pragma Implicit_Packing
- 2.77 Pragma Import_Function
- 2.78 Pragma Import_Object
- 2.79 Pragma Import_Procedure
- 2.80 Pragma Import_Valued_Procedure
- 2.81 Pragma Independent
- 2.82 Pragma Independent_Components
- 2.83 Pragma Initial_Condition
- 2.84 Pragma Initialize_Scalars
- 2.85 Pragma Initializes
- 2.86 Pragma Inline_Always
- 2.87 Pragma Inline_Generic
- 2.88 Pragma Interface
- 2.89 Pragma Interface_Name
- 2.90 Pragma Interrupt_Handler
- 2.91 Pragma Interrupt_State
- 2.92 Pragma Invariant
- 2.93 Pragma Keep_Names
- 2.94 Pragma License
- 2.95 Pragma Link_With
- 2.96 Pragma Linker_Alias
- 2.97 Pragma Linker_Constructor
- 2.98 Pragma Linker_Destructor
- 2.99 Pragma Linker_Section
- 2.100 Pragma Lock_Free
- 2.101 Pragma Loop_Invariant
- 2.102 Pragma Loop_Optimize
- 2.103 Pragma Loop_Variant
- 2.104 Pragma Machine_Attribute
- 2.105 Pragma Main
- 2.106 Pragma Main_Storage
- 2.107 Pragma Max_Queue_Length
- 2.108 Pragma No_Body
- 2.109 Pragma No_Caching
- 2.110 Pragma No_Component_Reordering
- 2.111 Pragma No_Elaboration_Code_All
- 2.112 Pragma No_Heap_Finalization
- 2.113 Pragma No_Inline
- 2.114 Pragma No_Return
- 2.115 Pragma No_Strict_Aliasing
- 2.116 Pragma No_Tagged_Streams
- 2.117 Pragma Normalize_Scalars
- 2.118 Pragma Obsolescent
- 2.119 Pragma Optimize_Alignment
- 2.120 Pragma Ordered
- 2.121 Pragma Overflow_Mode
- 2.122 Pragma Overriding_Renamings
- 2.123 Pragma Part_Of
- 2.124 Pragma Partition_Elaboration_Policy
- 2.125 Pragma Passive
- 2.126 Pragma Persistent_BSS
- 2.127 Pragma Post
- 2.128 Pragma Postcondition
- 2.129 Pragma Post_Class
- 2.130 Pragma Pre
- 2.131 Pragma Precondition
- 2.132 Pragma Predicate
- 2.133 Pragma Predicate_Failure
- 2.134 Pragma Preelaborable_Initialization
- 2.135 Pragma Prefix_Exception_Messages
- 2.136 Pragma Pre_Class
- 2.137 Pragma Priority_Specific_Dispatching
- 2.138 Pragma Profile
- 2.139 Pragma Profile_Warnings
- 2.140 Pragma Propagate_Exceptions
- 2.141 Pragma Provide_Shift_Operators
- 2.142 Pragma Psect_Object
- 2.143 Pragma Pure_Function
- 2.144 Pragma Rational
- 2.145 Pragma Ravenscar
- 2.146 Pragma Refined_Depends
- 2.147 Pragma Refined_Global
- 2.148 Pragma Refined_Post
- 2.149 Pragma Refined_State
- 2.150 Pragma Relative_Deadline
- 2.151 Pragma Remote_Access_Type
- 2.152 Pragma Rename_Pragma
- 2.153 Pragma Restricted_Run_Time
- 2.154 Pragma Restriction_Warnings
- 2.155 Pragma Reviewable
- 2.156 Pragma Secondary_Stack_Size
- 2.157 Pragma Share_Generic
- 2.158 Pragma Shared
- 2.159 Pragma Short_Circuit_And_Or
- 2.160 Pragma Short_Descriptors
- 2.161 Pragma Side_Effects
- 2.162 Pragma Simple_Storage_Pool_Type
- 2.163 Pragma Source_File_Name
- 2.164 Pragma Source_File_Name_Project
- 2.165 Pragma Source_Reference
- 2.166 Pragma SPARK_Mode
- 2.167 Pragma Static_Elaboration_Desired
- 2.168 Pragma Stream_Convert
- 2.169 Pragma Style_Checks
- 2.170 Pragma Subtitle
- 2.171 Pragma Suppress
- 2.172 Pragma Suppress_All
- 2.173 Pragma Suppress_Debug_Info
- 2.174 Pragma Suppress_Exception_Locations
- 2.175 Pragma Suppress_Initialization
- 2.176 Pragma Task_Name
- 2.177 Pragma Task_Storage
- 2.178 Pragma Test_Case
- 2.179 Pragma Thread_Local_Storage
- 2.180 Pragma Time_Slice
- 2.181 Pragma Title
- 2.182 Pragma Type_Invariant
- 2.183 Pragma Type_Invariant_Class
- 2.184 Pragma Unchecked_Union
- 2.185 Pragma Unevaluated_Use_Of_Old
- 2.186 Pragma User_Aspect_Definition
- 2.187 Pragma Unimplemented_Unit
- 2.188 Pragma Universal_Aliasing
- 2.189 Pragma Unmodified
- 2.190 Pragma Unreferenced
- 2.191 Pragma Unreferenced_Objects
- 2.192 Pragma Unreserve_All_Interrupts
- 2.193 Pragma Unsuppress
- 2.194 Pragma Unused
- 2.195 Pragma Use_VADS_Size
- 2.196 Pragma Validity_Checks
- 2.197 Pragma Volatile
- 2.198 Pragma Volatile_Full_Access
- 2.199 Pragma Volatile_Function
- 2.200 Pragma Warning_As_Error
- 2.201 Pragma Warnings
- 2.202 Pragma Weak_External
- 2.203 Pragma Wide_Character_Encoding
3 Implementation Defined Aspects
- 3.1 Aspect Abstract_State
- 3.2 Aspect Always_Terminates
- 3.3 Aspect Annotate
- 3.4 Aspect Async_Readers
- 3.5 Aspect Async_Writers
- 3.6 Aspect Constant_After_Elaboration
- 3.7 Aspect Contract_Cases
- 3.8 Aspect Depends
- 3.9 Aspect Default_Initial_Condition
- 3.10 Aspect Dimension
- 3.11 Aspect Dimension_System
- 3.12 Aspect Disable_Controlled
- 3.13 Aspect Effective_Reads
- 3.14 Aspect Effective_Writes
- 3.15 Aspect Extensions_Visible
- 3.16 Aspect Favor_Top_Level
- 3.17 Aspect Ghost
- 3.18 Aspect Ghost_Predicate
- 3.19 Aspect Global
- 3.20 Aspect Initial_Condition
- 3.21 Aspect Initializes
- 3.22 Aspect Inline_Always
- 3.23 Aspect Invariant
- 3.24 Aspect Invariant’Class
- 3.25 Aspect Iterable
- 3.26 Aspect Linker_Section
- 3.27 Aspect Local_Restrictions
- 3.28 Aspect Lock_Free
- 3.29 Aspect Max_Queue_Length
- 3.30 Aspect No_Caching
- 3.31 Aspect No_Elaboration_Code_All
- 3.32 Aspect No_Inline
- 3.33 Aspect No_Tagged_Streams
- 3.34 Aspect No_Task_Parts
- 3.35 Aspect Object_Size
- 3.36 Aspect Obsolescent
- 3.37 Aspect Part_Of
- 3.38 Aspect Persistent_BSS
- 3.39 Aspect Predicate
- 3.40 Aspect Pure_Function
- 3.41 Aspect Refined_Depends
- 3.42 Aspect Refined_Global
- 3.43 Aspect Refined_Post
- 3.44 Aspect Refined_State
- 3.45 Aspect Relaxed_Initialization
- 3.46 Aspect Remote_Access_Type
- 3.47 Aspect Secondary_Stack_Size
- 3.48 Aspect Scalar_Storage_Order
- 3.49 Aspect Shared
- 3.50 Aspect Side_Effects
- 3.51 Aspect Simple_Storage_Pool
- 3.52 Aspect Simple_Storage_Pool_Type
- 3.53 Aspect SPARK_Mode
- 3.54 Aspect Suppress_Debug_Info
- 3.55 Aspect Suppress_Initialization
- 3.56 Aspect Test_Case
- 3.57 Aspect Thread_Local_Storage
- 3.58 Aspect Universal_Aliasing
- 3.59 Aspect Unmodified
- 3.60 Aspect Unreferenced
- 3.61 Aspect Unreferenced_Objects
- 3.62 Aspect User_Aspect
- 3.63 Aspect Value_Size
- 3.64 Aspect Volatile_Full_Access
- 3.65 Aspect Volatile_Function
- 3.66 Aspect Warnings
4 Implementation Defined Attributes
- 4.1 Attribute Abort_Signal
- 4.2 Attribute Address_Size
- 4.3 Attribute Asm_Input
- 4.4 Attribute Asm_Output
- 4.5 Attribute Atomic_Always_Lock_Free
- 4.6 Attribute Bit
- 4.7 Attribute Bit_Position
- 4.8 Attribute Code_Address
- 4.9 Attribute Compiler_Version
- 4.10 Attribute Constrained
- 4.11 Attribute Default_Bit_Order
- 4.12 Attribute Default_Scalar_Storage_Order
- 4.13 Attribute Deref
- 4.14 Attribute Descriptor_Size
- 4.15 Attribute Elaborated
- 4.16 Attribute Elab_Body
- 4.17 Attribute Elab_Spec
- 4.18 Attribute Elab_Subp_Body
- 4.19 Attribute Emax
- 4.20 Attribute Enabled
- 4.21 Attribute Enum_Rep
- 4.22 Attribute Enum_Val
- 4.23 Attribute Epsilon
- 4.24 Attribute Fast_Math
- 4.25 Attribute Finalization_Size
- 4.26 Attribute Fixed_Value
- 4.27 Attribute From_Any
- 4.28 Attribute Has_Access_Values
- 4.29 Attribute Has_Discriminants
- 4.30 Attribute Has_Tagged_Values
- 4.31 Attribute Img
- 4.32 Attribute Initialized
- 4.33 Attribute Integer_Value
- 4.34 Attribute Invalid_Value
- 4.35 Attribute Iterable
- 4.36 Attribute Large
- 4.37 Attribute Library_Level
- 4.38 Attribute Loop_Entry
- 4.39 Attribute Machine_Size
- 4.40 Attribute Mantissa
- 4.41 Attribute Maximum_Alignment
- 4.42 Attribute Max_Integer_Size
- 4.43 Attribute Mechanism_Code
- 4.44 Attribute Null_Parameter
- 4.45 Attribute Object_Size
- 4.46 Attribute Old
- 4.47 Attribute Passed_By_Reference
- 4.48 Attribute Pool_Address
- 4.49 Attribute Range_Length
- 4.50 Attribute Restriction_Set
- 4.51 Attribute Result
- 4.52 Attribute Safe_Emax
- 4.53 Attribute Safe_Large
- 4.54 Attribute Safe_Small
- 4.55 Attribute Scalar_Storage_Order
- 4.56 Attribute Simple_Storage_Pool
- 4.57 Attribute Small
- 4.58 Attribute Small_Denominator
- 4.59 Attribute Small_Numerator
- 4.60 Attribute Storage_Unit
- 4.61 Attribute Stub_Type
- 4.62 Attribute System_Allocator_Alignment
- 4.63 Attribute Target_Name
- 4.64 Attribute To_Address
- 4.65 Attribute To_Any
- 4.66 Attribute Type_Class
- 4.67 Attribute Type_Key
- 4.68 Attribute TypeCode
- 4.69 Attribute Unconstrained_Array
- 4.70 Attribute Universal_Literal_String
- 4.71 Attribute Unrestricted_Access
- 4.72 Attribute Update
- 4.73 Attribute Valid_Value
- 4.74 Attribute Valid_Scalars
- 4.75 Attribute VADS_Size
- 4.76 Attribute Value_Size
- 4.77 Attribute Wchar_T_Size
- 4.78 Attribute Word_Size
5 Standard and Implementation Defined Restrictions
- 5.1 Partition-Wide Restrictions
- 5.2 Program Unit Level Restrictions
6 Implementation Advice
- 6.1 RM 1.1.3(20): Error Detection
- 6.2 RM 1.1.3(31): Child Units
- 6.3 RM 1.1.5(12): Bounded Errors
- 6.4 RM 2.8(16): Pragmas
- 6.5 RM 2.8(17-19): Pragmas
- 6.6 RM 3.5.2(5): Alternative Character Sets
- 6.7 RM 3.5.4(28): Integer Types
- 6.8 RM 3.5.4(29): Integer Types
- 6.9 RM 3.5.5(8): Enumeration Values
- 6.10 RM 3.5.7(17): Float Types
- 6.11 RM 3.6.2(11): Multidimensional Arrays
- 6.12 RM 9.6(30-31): Duration’Small
- 6.13 RM 10.2.1(12): Consistent Representation
- 6.14 RM 11.4.1(19): Exception Information
- 6.15 RM 11.5(28): Suppression of Checks
- 6.16 RM 13.1 (21-24): Representation Clauses
- 6.17 RM 13.2(6-8): Packed Types
- 6.18 RM 13.3(14-19): Address Clauses
- 6.19 RM 13.3(29-35): Alignment Clauses
- 6.20 RM 13.3(42-43): Size Clauses
- 6.21 RM 13.3(50-56): Size Clauses
- 6.22 RM 13.3(71-73): Component Size Clauses
- 6.23 RM 13.4(9-10): Enumeration Representation Clauses
- 6.24 RM 13.5.1(17-22): Record Representation Clauses
- 6.25 RM 13.5.2(5): Storage Place Attributes
- 6.26 RM 13.5.3(7-8): Bit Ordering
- 6.27 RM 13.7(37): Address as Private
- 6.28 RM 13.7.1(16): Address Operations
- 6.29 RM 13.9(14-17): Unchecked Conversion
- 6.30 RM 13.11(23-25): Implicit Heap Usage
- 6.31 RM 13.11.2(17): Unchecked Deallocation
- 6.32 RM 13.13.2(1.6): Stream Oriented Attributes
- 6.33 RM A.1(52): Names of Predefined Numeric Types
- 6.34 RM A.3.2(49): Ada.Characters.Handling
- 6.35 RM A.4.4(106): Bounded-Length String Handling
- 6.36 RM A.5.2(46-47): Random Number Generation
- 6.37 RM A.10.7(23): Get_Immediate
- 6.38 RM A.18: Containers
- 6.39 RM B.1(39-41): Pragma Export
- 6.40 RM B.2(12-13): Package Interfaces
- 6.41 RM B.3(63-71): Interfacing with C
- 6.42 RM B.4(95-98): Interfacing with COBOL
- 6.43 RM B.5(22-26): Interfacing with Fortran
- 6.44 RM C.1(3-5): Access to Machine Operations
- 6.45 RM C.1(10-16): Access to Machine Operations
- 6.46 RM C.3(28): Interrupt Support
- 6.47 RM C.3.1(20-21): Protected Procedure Handlers
- 6.48 RM C.3.2(25): Package Interrupts
- 6.49 RM C.4(14): Pre-elaboration Requirements
- 6.50 RM C.5(8): Pragma Discard_Names
- 6.51 RM C.7.2(30): The Package Task_Attributes
- 6.52 RM D.3(17): Locking Policies
- 6.53 RM D.4(16): Entry Queuing Policies
- 6.54 RM D.6(9-10): Preemptive Abort
- 6.55 RM D.7(21): Tasking Restrictions
- 6.56 RM D.8(47-49): Monotonic Time
- 6.57 RM E.5(28-29): Partition Communication Subsystem
- 6.58 RM F(7): COBOL Support
- 6.59 RM F.1(2): Decimal Radix Support
- 6.60 RM G: Numerics
- 6.61 RM G.1.1(56-58): Complex Types
- 6.62 RM G.1.2(49): Complex Elementary Functions
- 6.63 RM G.2.4(19): Accuracy Requirements
- 6.64 RM G.2.6(15): Complex Arithmetic Accuracy
- 6.65 RM H.6(15/2): Pragma Partition_Elaboration_Policy
7 Implementation Defined Characteristics
8 Intrinsic Subprograms
- 8.1 Intrinsic Operators
- 8.2 Compilation_ISO_Date
- 8.3 Compilation_Date
- 8.4 Compilation_Time
- 8.5 Enclosing_Entity
- 8.6 Exception_Information
- 8.7 Exception_Message
- 8.8 Exception_Name
- 8.9 File
- 8.10 Line
- 8.11 Shifts and Rotates
- 8.12 Source_Location
9 Representation Clauses and Pragmas
- 9.1 Alignment Clauses
- 9.2 Size Clauses
- 9.3 Storage_Size Clauses
- 9.4 Size of Variant Record Objects
- 9.5 Biased Representation
- 9.6 Value_Size and Object_Size Clauses
- 9.7 Component_Size Clauses
- 9.8 Bit_Order Clauses
- 9.9 Effect of Bit_Order on Byte Ordering
- 9.10 Pragma Pack for Arrays
- 9.11 Pragma Pack for Records
- 9.12 Record Representation Clauses
- 9.13 Handling of Records with Holes
- 9.14 Enumeration Clauses
- 9.15 Address Clauses
- 9.16 Use of Address Clauses for Memory-Mapped I/O
- 9.17 Effect of Convention on Representation
- 9.18 Conventions and Anonymous Access Types
- 9.19 Determining the Representations chosen by GNAT
10 Standard Library Routines
11 The Implementation of Standard I/O
- 11.1 Standard I/O Packages
- 11.2 FORM Strings
- 11.3 Direct_IO
- 11.4 Sequential_IO
- 11.5 Text_IO
- 11.6 Wide_Text_IO
  - 11.6.1 Stream Pointer Positioning
  - 11.6.2 Reading and Writing Non-Regular Files
- 11.7 Wide_Wide_Text_IO
  - 11.7.1 Stream Pointer Positioning
  - 11.7.2 Reading and Writing Non-Regular Files
- 11.8 Stream_IO
- 11.9 Text Translation
- 11.10 Shared Files
- 11.11 Filenames encoding
- 11.12 File content encoding
- 11.13 Open Modes
- 11.14 Operations on C Streams
- 11.15 Interfacing to C Streams
12 The GNAT Library
- 12.1 Ada.Characters.Latin_9 (a-chlat9.ads)
- 12.2 Ada.Characters.Wide_Latin_1 (a-cwila1.ads)
- 12.3 Ada.Characters.Wide_Latin_9 (a-cwila9.ads)
- 12.4 Ada.Characters.Wide_Wide_Latin_1 (a-chzla1.ads)
- 12.5 Ada.Characters.Wide_Wide_Latin_9 (a-chzla9.ads)
- 12.6 Ada.Containers.Bounded_Holders (a-coboho.ads)
- 12.7 Ada.Command_Line.Environment (a-colien.ads)
- 12.8 Ada.Command_Line.Remove (a-colire.ads)
- 12.9 Ada.Command_Line.Response_File (a-clrefi.ads)
- 12.10 Ada.Direct_IO.C_Streams (a-diocst.ads)
- 12.11 Ada.Exceptions.Is_Null_Occurrence (a-einuoc.ads)
- 12.12 Ada.Exceptions.Last_Chance_Handler (a-elchha.ads)
- 12.13 Ada.Exceptions.Traceback (a-exctra.ads)
- 12.14 Ada.Sequential_IO.C_Streams (a-siocst.ads)
- 12.15 Ada.Streams.Stream_IO.C_Streams (a-ssicst.ads)
- 12.16 Ada.Strings.Unbounded.Text_IO (a-suteio.ads)
- 12.17 Ada.Strings.Wide_Unbounded.Wide_Text_IO (a-swuwti.ads)
- 12.18 Ada.Strings.Wide_Wide_Unbounded.Wide_Wide_Text_IO (a-szuzti.ads)
- 12.19 Ada.Task_Initialization (a-tasini.ads)
- 12.20 Ada.Text_IO.C_Streams (a-tiocst.ads)
- 12.21 Ada.Text_IO.Reset_Standard_Files (a-tirsfi.ads)
- 12.22 Ada.Wide_Characters.Unicode (a-wichun.ads)
- 12.23 Ada.Wide_Text_IO.C_Streams (a-wtcstr.ads)
- 12.24 Ada.Wide_Text_IO.Reset_Standard_Files (a-wrstfi.ads)
- 12.25 Ada.Wide_Wide_Characters.Unicode (a-zchuni.ads)
- 12.26 Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.C_Streams (a-ztcstr.ads)
- 12.27 Ada.Wide_Wide_Text_IO.Reset_Standard_Files (a-zrstfi.ads)
- 12.28 GNAT.Altivec (g-altive.ads)
- 12.29 GNAT.Altivec.Conversions (g-altcon.ads)
- 12.30 GNAT.Altivec.Vector_Operations (g-alveop.ads)
- 12.31 GNAT.Altivec.Vector_Types (g-alvety.ads)
- 12.32 GNAT.Altivec.Vector_Views (g-alvevi.ads)
- 12.33 GNAT.Array_Split (g-arrspl.ads)
- 12.34 GNAT.AWK (g-awk.ads)
- 12.35 GNAT.Binary_Search (g-binsea.ads)
- 12.36 GNAT.Bind_Environment (g-binenv.ads)
- 12.37 GNAT.Branch_Prediction (g-brapre.ads)
- 12.38 GNAT.Bounded_Buffers (g-boubuf.ads)
- 12.39 GNAT.Bounded_Mailboxes (g-boumai.ads)
- 12.40 GNAT.Bubble_Sort (g-bubsor.ads)
- 12.41 GNAT.Bubble_Sort_A (g-busora.ads)
- 12.42 GNAT.Bubble_Sort_G (g-busorg.ads)
- 12.43 GNAT.Byte_Order_Mark (g-byorma.ads)
- 12.44 GNAT.Byte_Swapping (g-bytswa.ads)
- 12.45 GNAT.Calendar (g-calend.ads)
- 12.46 GNAT.Calendar.Time_IO (g-catiio.ads)
- 12.47 GNAT.CRC32 (g-crc32.ads)
- 12.48 GNAT.Case_Util (g-casuti.ads)
- 12.49 GNAT.CGI (g-cgi.ads)
- 12.50 GNAT.CGI.Cookie (g-cgicoo.ads)
- 12.51 GNAT.CGI.Debug (g-cgideb.ads)
- 12.52 GNAT.Command_Line (g-comlin.ads)
- 12.53 GNAT.Compiler_Version (g-comver.ads)
- 12.54 GNAT.Ctrl_C (g-ctrl_c.ads)
- 12.55 GNAT.Current_Exception (g-curexc.ads)
- 12.56 GNAT.Debug_Pools (g-debpoo.ads)
- 12.57 GNAT.Debug_Utilities (g-debuti.ads)
- 12.58 GNAT.Decode_String (g-decstr.ads)
- 12.59 GNAT.Decode_UTF8_String (g-deutst.ads)
- 12.60 GNAT.Directory_Operations (g-dirope.ads)
- 12.61 GNAT.Directory_Operations.Iteration (g-diopit.ads)
- 12.62 GNAT.Dynamic_HTables (g-dynhta.ads)
- 12.63 GNAT.Dynamic_Tables (g-dyntab.ads)
- 12.64 GNAT.Encode_String (g-encstr.ads)
- 12.65 GNAT.Encode_UTF8_String (g-enutst.ads)
- 12.66 GNAT.Exception_Actions (g-excact.ads)
- 12.67 GNAT.Exception_Traces (g-exctra.ads)
- 12.68 GNAT.Exceptions (g-except.ads)
- 12.69 GNAT.Expect (g-expect.ads)
- 12.70 GNAT.Expect.TTY (g-exptty.ads)
- 12.71 GNAT.Float_Control (g-flocon.ads)
- 12.72 GNAT.Formatted_String (g-forstr.ads)
- 12.73 GNAT.Generic_Fast_Math_Functions (g-gfmafu.ads)
- 12.74 GNAT.Heap_Sort (g-heasor.ads)
- 12.75 GNAT.Heap_Sort_A (g-hesora.ads)
- 12.76 GNAT.Heap_Sort_G (g-hesorg.ads)
- 12.77 GNAT.HTable (g-htable.ads)
- 12.78 GNAT.IO (g-io.ads)
- 12.79 GNAT.IO_Aux (g-io_aux.ads)
- 12.80 GNAT.Lock_Files (g-locfil.ads)
- 12.81 GNAT.MBBS_Discrete_Random (g-mbdira.ads)
- 12.82 GNAT.MBBS_Float_Random (g-mbflra.ads)
- 12.83 GNAT.MD5 (g-md5.ads)
- 12.84 GNAT.Memory_Dump (g-memdum.ads)
- 12.85 GNAT.Most_Recent_Exception (g-moreex.ads)
- 12.86 GNAT.OS_Lib (g-os_lib.ads)
- 12.87 GNAT.Perfect_Hash_Generators (g-pehage.ads)
- 12.88 GNAT.Random_Numbers (g-rannum.ads)
- 12.89 GNAT.Regexp (g-regexp.ads)
- 12.90 GNAT.Registry (g-regist.ads)
- 12.91 GNAT.Regpat (g-regpat.ads)
- 12.92 GNAT.Rewrite_Data (g-rewdat.ads)
- 12.93 GNAT.Secondary_Stack_Info (g-sestin.ads)
- 12.94 GNAT.Semaphores (g-semaph.ads)
- 12.95 GNAT.Serial_Communications (g-sercom.ads)
- 12.96 GNAT.SHA1 (g-sha1.ads)
- 12.97 GNAT.SHA224 (g-sha224.ads)
- 12.98 GNAT.SHA256 (g-sha256.ads)
- 12.99 GNAT.SHA384 (g-sha384.ads)
- 12.100 GNAT.SHA512 (g-sha512.ads)
- 12.101 GNAT.Signals (g-signal.ads)
- 12.102 GNAT.Sockets (g-socket.ads)
- 12.103 GNAT.Source_Info (g-souinf.ads)
- 12.104 GNAT.Spelling_Checker (g-speche.ads)
- 12.105 GNAT.Spelling_Checker_Generic (g-spchge.ads)
- 12.106 GNAT.Spitbol.Patterns (g-spipat.ads)
- 12.107 GNAT.Spitbol (g-spitbo.ads)
- 12.108 GNAT.Spitbol.Table_Boolean (g-sptabo.ads)
- 12.109 GNAT.Spitbol.Table_Integer (g-sptain.ads)
- 12.110 GNAT.Spitbol.Table_VString (g-sptavs.ads)
- 12.111 GNAT.SSE (g-sse.ads)
- 12.112 GNAT.SSE.Vector_Types (g-ssvety.ads)
- 12.113 GNAT.String_Hash (g-strhas.ads)
- 12.114 GNAT.Strings (g-string.ads)
- 12.115 GNAT.String_Split (g-strspl.ads)
- 12.116 GNAT.Table (g-table.ads)
- 12.117 GNAT.Task_Lock (g-tasloc.ads)
- 12.118 GNAT.Time_Stamp (g-timsta.ads)
- 12.119 GNAT.Threads (g-thread.ads)
- 12.120 GNAT.Traceback (g-traceb.ads)
- 12.121 GNAT.Traceback.Symbolic (g-trasym.ads)
- 12.122 GNAT.UTF_32 (g-utf_32.ads)
- 12.123 GNAT.UTF_32_Spelling_Checker (g-u3spch.ads)
- 12.124 GNAT.Wide_Spelling_Checker (g-wispch.ads)
- 12.125 GNAT.Wide_String_Split (g-wistsp.ads)
- 12.126 GNAT.Wide_Wide_Spelling_Checker (g-zspche.ads)
- 12.127 GNAT.Wide_Wide_String_Split (g-zistsp.ads)
- 12.128 Interfaces.C.Extensions (i-cexten.ads)
- 12.129 Interfaces.C.Streams (i-cstrea.ads)
- 12.130 Interfaces.Packed_Decimal (i-pacdec.ads)
- 12.131 Interfaces.VxWorks (i-vxwork.ads)
- 12.132 Interfaces.VxWorks.Int_Connection (i-vxinco.ads)
- 12.133 Interfaces.VxWorks.IO (i-vxwoio.ads)
- 12.134 System.Address_Image (s-addima.ads)
- 12.135 System.Assertions (s-assert.ads)
- 12.136 System.Atomic_Counters (s-atocou.ads)
- 12.137 System.Memory (s-memory.ads)
- 12.138 System.Multiprocessors (s-multip.ads)
- 12.139 System.Multiprocessors.Dispatching_Domains (s-mudido.ads)
- 12.140 System.Partition_Interface (s-parint.ads)
- 12.141 System.Pool_Global (s-pooglo.ads)
- 12.142 System.Pool_Local (s-pooloc.ads)
- 12.143 System.Restrictions (s-restri.ads)
- 12.144 System.Rident (s-rident.ads)
- 12.145 System.Strings.Stream_Ops (s-ststop.ads)
- 12.146 System.Unsigned_Types (s-unstyp.ads)
- 12.147 System.Wch_Cnv (s-wchcnv.ads)
- 12.148 System.Wch_Con (s-wchcon.ads)
13 Interfacing to Other Languages
- 13.1 Interfacing to C
- 13.2 Interfacing to C++
- 13.3 Interfacing to COBOL
- 13.4 Interfacing to Fortran
- 13.5 Interfacing to non-GNAT Ada code
14 Specialized Needs Annexes
15 Implementation of Specific Ada Features
- 15.1 Machine Code Insertions
- 15.2 GNAT Implementation of Tasking
- 15.3 GNAT Implementation of Shared Passive Packages
- 15.4 Code Generation for Array Aggregates
- 15.5 The Size of Discriminated Records with Default Discriminants
- 15.6 Image Values For Nonscalar Types
- 15.7 Strict Conformance to the Ada Reference Manual
16 Implementation of Ada 2012 Features
17 GNAT language extensions
- 17.1 How to activate the extended GNAT Ada superset
- 17.2 Curated Extensions
- 17.3 Experimental Language Extensions
  - 17.3.1 Pragma Storage_Model
  - 17.3.2 Simpler accessibility model
18 Security Hardening Features
- 18.1 Register Scrubbing
- 18.2 Stack Scrubbing
- 18.3 Hardened Conditionals
- 18.4 Hardened Booleans
- 18.5 Control Flow Redundancy
19 Obsolescent Features
- 19.1 pragma No_Run_Time
- 19.2 pragma Ravenscar
- 19.3 pragma Restricted_Run_Time
- 19.4 pragma Task_Info
- 19.5 package System.Task_Info (s-tasinf.ads)
20 Compatibility and Porting Guide
- 20.1 Writing Portable Fixed-Point Declarations
- 20.2 Compatibility with Ada 83
- 20.3 Compatibility between Ada 95 and Ada 2005
- 20.4 Implementation-dependent characteristics
- 20.5 Compatibility with Other Ada Systems
- 20.6 Representation Clauses
- 20.7 Compatibility with HP Ada 83
21 GNU Free Documentation License
Index

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